Jewish 101: Ma'aser

What Is Ma'aser?

Ma'aser means "tenth" in Hebrew and refers to the biblical command to give one-tenth of one's produce or income. The practice of tithing is deeply rooted in the Torah and expresses gratitude, faith, and dependence on God as the ultimate provider.

Tithing Before Sinai

From the earliest pages of scripture, the principle of giving a tenth appears long before the Torah was given at Sinai. Abraham offered a tenth of everything to Melchizedek, the priest of God Most High, acknowledging God's deliverance and sovereignty. Jacob, fleeing from Esau and encountering God at Bethel, vowed that "of all that you give me, I will surely give a tenth back to you."

The Types of Ma'aser

In ancient Israel, there were several types of ma'aser. The first tithe, ma'aser rishon, was given to the Levites, who served in the temple and had no land of their own. The second tithe, ma'aser sheni, was set aside to be eaten in Jerusalem during festival times, turning giving into worship and celebration.

Every third year, instead of the second tithe, the tithe for the poor, ma'aser ani, was given to support those in need: the stranger, the orphan, and the widow.

The Heart of the Commandment

These commandments reminded Israel that the land, its fruit, and all material blessings belonged ultimately to God. Giving the first and best portion was an act of trust, an acknowledgment that all provision comes from him.

Even after the destruction of the temple, the principle of ma'aser continued to shape Jewish life, with communities supporting teachers, the poor, and communal institutions through tithes and donations.

Ma'aser in the New Testament

Yeshua affirmed this practice during the time of the temple. In his words to the Pharisees, he emphasized that while justice, mercy, and faith are the weightier matters of the law, tithing itself should not be neglected. The New Testament also exhorts and encourages generosity as a sacred obligation and a joyful expression of faith and love.

Ma'aser is therefore a spiritual discipline that turns material blessings into gratitude, worship, and care for others. It teaches us that giving is not loss, but participation in God's provision and faithfulness.